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and the variance:
... the variance with a constant factor, this factor must be squared, because variance is a squared measure!
20 KB (3,198 words) - 10:07, 10 February 2024
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...e. If not a pilot study needs to be carried out to derive an estimation of variance.
...nterest. For other variables the precision might be less or higher. As the variance might differ between multiple variables one typically consider in an invent
4 KB (604 words) - 09:01, 28 October 2013
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... of LiDAR data). At the core of this research is the analysis of the error variance components that each data source brings into the system. Such error analysi
* Analysis of the error variance components that each data source brings into the system,
4 KB (522 words) - 14:13, 5 November 2014
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... The small sample size led to a fairly high value of the estimated [[error variance]].
...u increase the [[sample size]] to the fourfold and, thus, reduce the error variance.
6 KB (963 words) - 15:18, 26 October 2013
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|Variance
| <math>\sigma^2 \!</math> || parametric variance in the population;
3 KB (473 words) - 12:35, 26 October 2013
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and the estimated [[error variance]] of the mean per sub-plot is:
... when we are interested in the variance per sub-plot, then the per-cluster variance needs to be divided by <math>\bar m^2 </math>, similar to the estimated mea
15 KB (2,378 words) - 12:15, 29 January 2024
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...3</math> from the other two strata. The [[stratum parametric]] means and [[variance|variances]] are given in table 1.
...stratification. Table 3 presents the calculation of the parametric [[error variance]] for <math>n=10</math> and the defined allocation of samples to the three
4 KB (548 words) - 12:06, 26 October 2013
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so that the parametric variance of the mean without replacement is
and the estimated variance of the mean without replacement
13 KB (2,133 words) - 12:36, 28 October 2013
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If we take samples of size <math>n=10</math>, then the parametric error variance of the estimated mean is:
|align="left" |'''Pop. variance'''
5 KB (809 words) - 12:05, 26 October 2013
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with an estimated error variance of
...known), this is a large deviation; and it is also a relatively large error variance. This is typical for sampling for rare events: estimation errors are usuall
4 KB (585 words) - 15:18, 26 October 2013
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...or question is then whether we can make an unbiased estimation of mean and variance from a random sample of size <math>n = 1</math>. For the estimation of the
However, when we wish to estimate the variance with the estimator
15 KB (2,359 words) - 07:35, 28 October 2013
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==Empirical approximation of error variance==
... produced; that is then an empirical approximation to the parametric error variance which is the closer to the unknown true value the larger the number of repe
11 KB (1,678 words) - 07:29, 8 May 2017
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...nce which indicates in an empirical manner that the simple random sampling variance estimator is biased for systematic sampling.
The parametric error variance can be calculated as the variance from the population of all estimated means. In this case
3 KB (488 words) - 12:03, 26 October 2013
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| <math>s^2_{h}</math> || Estimated variance of the target variable ''Y'' within <math>h^{th}</math> stratum
The estimated error variance is then
7 KB (1,105 words) - 06:05, 6 March 2014
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...on of the effects of treatments: this technique is called ''analysis of co-variance''.
|<math>{s_y}^2\,</math>||Estimated variance of target variable;
15 KB (2,446 words) - 13:04, 14 April 2021
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...mpling]] estimator. The latter had been calculated earlier: the parametric variance of the estimated mean (simple random sampling) is
and the error variance of the estimated total
5 KB (801 words) - 16:00, 26 October 2013
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|<math>s_y^2</math> || Estimated variance of the target variable ''Y'';
|<math>{s'_x}^2</math> || Estimated variance of ancillary variable ''X'' in the first phase;
8 KB (1,157 words) - 06:09, 31 October 2013
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...n 0 and 1. From these observations, the [[mean]], [[variance]] and [[error variance]] can be estimated along the known [[estimator]]s.
and the variance in the [[population]] is estimated from
16 KB (2,744 words) - 14:08, 26 September 2023
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|align="left" |'''Pop. variance'''
| width="200pt" align="center" | '''Pop. Variance'''
5 KB (697 words) - 12:00, 26 October 2013
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The parametric mean, total and variance of the variable Y (production) are, respectively,
...>. That is, the estimator is unbiased. At the bottom of Table 2, the error variance is calculated, for sampling with replacement and also for sampling without
11 KB (1,477 words) - 12:02, 26 October 2013
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The parametric [[variance]] of the total is
1 KB (230 words) - 12:20, 26 October 2013
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For the variance calculation with the Horvitz-Thompson estimator we also need to know the j
The parametric [[error variance]] of the total is
3 KB (496 words) - 12:22, 26 October 2013
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with estimated variance
7 KB (1,099 words) - 12:30, 26 October 2013
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The parametric [[error variance]] of volume estimation from a sample of size ''n'' is
...y simulation, as a single sample of n = 1 does not allow estimating error variance. A linear probability density function (defined by tree height and the def
8 KB (1,235 words) - 12:24, 26 October 2013
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... (<math>dm^3</math> as Y-axis and ''dbh'' (cm) as X-axis showing unequal variance across ''dbh'' classes (Kleinn 2007<ref name="kleinn2007">Kleinn, C.
However, for the unequal variance case of volume functions, the confidence interval has the shape of a trumpe
11 KB (1,863 words) - 11:48, 27 October 2013
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...700 and 800, respectively. From these, mean number of stems per ha and its variance can be calculated.
|with variance per plot
14 KB (2,242 words) - 08:31, 12 March 2021
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...ates, usually quantified in terms of [[root mean square error]] or [[error variance]] or [[standard error]]. It describes inherent residual variability and can
...ent strata in [[stratified sampling]] under consideration of the estimated variance of the target variable in different strata.
17 KB (2,464 words) - 07:47, 28 October 2013
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... that this approach performed consistently best in terms of bias and error variance when compared to other empirical estimators.
11 KB (1,790 words) - 10:03, 28 October 2013
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...noise” to the mean value we reduce or eliminate the downward bias of the variance estimator.
...gression is a sort of “moving average” this will again likely bias the variance downwards.<br>Similarly to the previous approach, we can add a residual ran
5 KB (783 words) - 13:30, 26 October 2013
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...oth cases; but this is not the case for the per-plot parametric mean and variance (Kleinn and Vilcko 2005<ref name="kleinn_vilcko2005">Kleinn C. und F. Vi
...the stand boundary|border plots]] with smaller size. The per-plot mean and variance will be different between the two sub-divisions; this is certainly an undes
8 KB (1,255 words) - 11:26, 14 June 2023
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... an approximation of the parametric variance <math>\sigma_p^2</math>. The variance of the estimated mean <math>\bar y</math> for a random sample of a given si
...cted value and the true parametric value ([[bias]]) and, consequently, the variance of the estimated means characterizes their variability around the biased ex
8 KB (1,231 words) - 10:41, 28 October 2013
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...ots – and it is the variance between the plots that determines the error variance.
4 KB (574 words) - 09:06, 28 October 2013
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...rger population but with exactly the same characteristics like mean and variance), then the 10% sample produces considerably much more precise results! (
...nsity keeps constant. The population characteristics (in terms of mean and variance) were exactly the same because all data sets were generated from the same i
5 KB (752 words) - 08:59, 28 October 2013
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|parametric variance
|estimated variance
3 KB (390 words) - 08:59, 28 October 2013
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... defines the [[Confidence interval]]; it is the square root of the [[error variance]].
Error variance and standard error can be estimated for any estimated statistic; here, we r
4 KB (615 words) - 14:50, 30 October 2013
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...d” by the linear operator “minus”. Then, the expected value and the variance of this linear combination can be determined along the rules presented in
...change is estimated then along <math>c=\bar{y_2}-\bar{y_1}</math>, and the variance of the estimated change is the sum of the variances:
13 KB (2,144 words) - 07:06, 28 October 2013
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...population (in our case: the forest cover), then the parametric population variance is
where <math>q=(1-p)</math>. The variance, obviously, is a function of the mean ''p'' only!
19 KB (3,034 words) - 07:42, 28 October 2013
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and the variance of the estimated total forest edge length is estimated by
...tors for total forest edge length in km <math>\hat{L}_{tot}</math> and its variance <math>\hat{var}(\hat{L}_{tot})</math> are
11 KB (1,700 words) - 07:54, 28 October 2013
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! Bole volume variance (<math>m^3/h)^2</math>
20 KB (3,158 words) - 10:34, 27 November 2014
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...intra-cluster correlation coefficient can be incorporated. Then, the error variance of the estimated mean is
...o, the parametric intra-cluster correlation coefficient and the parametric variance in the population occur in this formula.
6 KB (962 words) - 06:11, 3 July 2017
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...ate out the bias; that means, what we determine by calculating the [[error variance]] is the [[Mean Square Error]] that embraces the measure of [[accuracy and
If <math>B=0</math>, we have an unbiased estimator and obviously the sample variance and the mean square error are identical <math>MSE(\hat\theta)=V(\hat\theta)
3 KB (472 words) - 09:00, 28 October 2013
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...bility of a target variable; this feature does eventually reduce the error variance between the observation (viz. increases precision).
13 KB (1,885 words) - 07:29, 15 December 2016
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...Resource assessment exercises: mean, variance and standard deviation|mean, variance and standard deviation]]
3 KB (500 words) - 09:41, 10 May 2014
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The variance, i.e., the average squared deviations of the individual values $y_i$ from t
...ises: mean, variance and standard deviation#Parametric variance|parametric variance]].}}
7 KB (1,115 words) - 08:00, 24 May 2014
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... possible mean estimates we see that they vary over different samples. The variance of the means is, for a given sample size <math>n</math>, defined as
...Resource assessment exercises: mean, variance and standard deviation|Mean, variance and standard deviation]]
8 KB (1,237 words) - 08:36, 23 June 2014
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As noted [[Resource assessment exercises: mean, variance and standard deviation|before]], SRSwoR stands for simple random sampling '
2 KB (377 words) - 09:11, 23 June 2014
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# Estimate the mean, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for the variable <code>he
1 KB (185 words) - 14:38, 23 June 2014
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Local statistical moments (Mean, Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis) calculated on every pixel in the selected channel of t
# Variance
2 KB (281 words) - 20:31, 29 November 2020
