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...ttingen. 164 S.</ref>). In some situations it is useful from a statistical point of view, or required for practical and organizational reasons, to subdivide ...e can achive a higher [[accuracy and precision|precision]] with the same [[sample size]]. Beside statistical issues there are further arguments for stratific

*Die räumliche Verteilung von zufällig gewählten [[Lecturenotes:Sample point/de|Stichprobenpunkten]] ist gleichmäßiger über die Grundgesamtheit verte ...tes:Allocation of sample points/de|Allokation]]) der [[Lecturenotes:Sample point/de|Stichprobenpunkte]].

... property that we can identify every single element and include any in our sample. ...ing frame, should be clearly defined for any sampling study. Reasons for a sample frame that is smaller as the population is for example, that parts of the p

...nse) and remote sensing application to forest monitoring (regionalization, sample based application of LiDAR data). At the core of this research is the analy ...itable methodology for linking area-wide remote sensing data (RapidEye) to sample based remote sensing data (LIDAR),

==The concept of cluster selection zones for fixed area sample plots== ...sible sample points, the jigsaw puzzle is a classification of the infinite sample frame in a finite number of areas of possible observations. This number of

... elongated rectagular plots might be more suitable from a pure statistical point of view! ... (describe how [[Sampling intensity vs. sample size|sampling intensity and sample size]] are affecting [[accuracy and precision|precision]])

...y resources available to measure <math>n=10</math> sample plots. The small sample size led to a fairly high value of the estimated [[error variance]]. ...lots of 25 m x 25 m out of each original plot. By that, you increase the [[sample size]] to the fourfold and, thus, reduce the error variance.

... The relation of the section ''hi'' to line ''hk'' is 1:10. the height of point ''i'' corresponds to 1/10 of the tree height. In order to calculate the tre ...ngle opening. Trees with width smaller than ''fg'' are not included in the sample (counted).

... only necessary if you really whish to measure the distance exaclty to the point where the transponder is fixed), ===Distances within a sample plot===

...[[Lectuenotes:Sampling design and plot design|response design]]: The major point in cluster sampling is that for each [[random selection]] not only one sing ...ry, it is common that not single compact plots are laid out at each sample point but clusters of sub-plots. There, sub-plots are laid out in various geometr

...Note: | text=The lack of randomization cannot be compensated by increasing sample size!}} ...imulate a random selection on a map by closing the eyes and pointing to a point in the map. Because the guarantee is not given, that, when doing that very

...l elements is following a systematic pattern. Examples are square grids of sample points laid out over an area of interest; or the selection of every 10th tr ...of numerous sub-plots – that is, all the sample points on the systematic sample are strictly spoken sub-plots of one single cluster that is spread out over

... the only way is to very often repeat the [[systematic sampling|systematic sample]] and calculate the variance of all the estimations produced; that is then ...eatedly) random pairs out of the <math>n</math> elements of the systematic sample and calculate the difference for each of the pairs, we would expect the exp

...re, the correlation to the ancillary variable is also used to reduce the [[sample size]] in the second phase <ref name="kleinn2007">Kleinn, C. 2007. Lecture ... variable is observed. In the case of independent phases, the second phase sample has nothing to do with what had been sampled in the first phase. In that ca

...e which has a radius that corresponds to the distance between the [[sample point]] and the <math>k^{th}</math> tree. Depending on the distance to the <math>

...nits]], just as we may use for many purposes fixed area [[fixed area plots|sample plots]] (two-dimensional observation units) or points (dimensionless observ *It may be observed which portion of a sample line comes to lie in forest. These portions can be used to estimate the [[F

... target variable requires knowing the entire population. Then, there is no point in sampling. We, obviously, need to find an ancillary size variable of whi | align="left" colspan="3" | '''Figure 1.''' Sample population

...pectively. From this set of N sections we would then select n sections as sample. ...S) is a sampling strategy that facilitates the drawing of a probabilistic sample without ''a priori'' defining the sampling frame. The inclusion probabilit

...94ff </ref>). It is some times also referred to point sampling, horizontal point sampling, variable plot sampling, angle count technique, prism cruising, an ...). This is exactly what Bitterlich sampling does: from a selected [[sample point]], the neighboring trees are selected strictly proportional to their [[basa

...elements (e.g. a number of trees included by a sample plot) is selected as sample. ...cal population of trees. Sampling in forestry is based on the selection of sample points and not trees. Afterwards an observation is derived by including tre