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...t known before the inventory, forest variables that are correlated to this value are used as stratification criteria. In large managed forest areas age clas ...variables must not necessarily be [[correlation|correlated]] to the target value. Under special conditions it might be useful to stratify even if there are

... means the total or mean of the two elements (that is: an “aggregated” value) and not the two individual values is then further processed for estimation ...course, smaller error variance is always welcome, in this case the smaller value comes from an erroneous calculation!

...he estimation of the [[mean]] is illustrated in Table 2 and results – as expected – in the parametric mean without stratification. Table 3 presents the cal

...or plots to the initial plots selected; and the immediate neighbors may be expected to exhibit considerable correlation because of the small distance. Therefor

...re, actually, is not the sample size <math>n</math> but it is the expected value of the sample size <math>E(n)</math>: on the average we have <math>n</math> ...points are very close together in a situation where the autocorrelation is expected to be high. That means that the systematic sample collects more and uncorre

...n to the parametric error variance which is the closer to the unknown true value the larger the number of repetitions is. ...lculate the difference for each of the pairs, we would expect the expected value of this difference to be zero:

...idistantly from the population listing) we can calculate here the expected value of the applied estimators directly. ... that we can assume that that estimator is unbiased. However, the expected value of the estimated variance is higher than the true population variance which

...tion the better can the value of the second variable be predicted when the value of the first is known (and vice versa). Therefore, if such a co-variable is ...: the larger the plot the more basal area, number of stems, volume etc. is expected to be present.

...>m_x</math>, represented by a parallel to the abscissa passing through the value <math>m_x</math> at the ''y''-axis; for all values of φ left to the inters As expected, the probability of intersection depends on the density of sample lines, gi

...tocked'' as a result of human intervention or natural causes but which are expected to revert to forest.”

...is is the population of all possible sample results for ''n'' = 2) are the expected values of the mean <math>E(\bar y)</math> and total <math>E(\hat \tau)</mat ...be sure that our estimation is, on the average, closer to the unknown true value than with the other estimator.

... but it should be interpreted as the mean value of all trees with the same value for the independent variable. That means, the prediction read from a regres ...at extent a value of the dependent variable is expected to change when the value of the independent changes.

|Mainly for local studies where homogeneity of site conditions is expected,<br>including relatively strong relationships between<br>''dbh'' and ''heig |For larger area forest inventories where heterogeneous site conditions are expected.<br>Therefore, ''height'' is included into the model to cope for variabilit

...interest and which translates into criteria such as terrain conditions and expected frequency of border [[Tree Definition|trees]]. Border trees cost time becau ...nce to the right and to the left. A circular plot, however, has the lowest expected number of border trees, because, for a given area, the circle is the geomet

...gree of closeness of the estimated mean of a variable to the actual (true) value of the [[population]]. A measure of accuracy is the [[bias]]. :predict the value of a variable of an object from values of other variables of the same objec

...one test stand of about 13.4 ha. k is the average number of trees that are expected per plot. Here: estimation of basal area per hectare; below: estimation of ...rees per hectare in our maps, the fixed plot area ''a_k'' for an expected number of ''k'' trees per sample plot is

...fines an upper and lower limit within which the true (population) value is expected to come to lie with a defined probability. This probability is frequently s For a defined value <math>\alpha</math> for the error probability the width of the confidence i

...y are “linked” by the linear operator “minus”. Then, the expected value and the variance of this linear combination can be determined along the ru ...vestments and long term commitment go along with permanent plots. The real value of permanent plots may show after several years (or even decades) only.

...f a particular size (say 1000 units wide, which corresponds to an expected value of the sample size of n = 1000 in this case), such grid is superimposed ver ...pproximation formula. In this particular case, both are closer to the true value than the simple random sampling estimator. But this is not always so. For t

... be assessed, precision requirements for the major attributes and products expected such as maps (most appealing but least precise), statistics etc.; ... field teams or the field team members such that it can be canceled if the expected quality is not delivered. Unpleasant, but some times necessary.