Search results

*It is guaranteed that there are actually sufficient observations in each one of the strata, ...ate inventory work (particularly field work): independent [[field campaign|field campaigns]] can be carried out in each stratum,

...ercise in forestry starts with the selection of locations at which certain observations should be made. This first "design element" is therefore the definition how .... It is also called '''[[plot design]]''' or '''observation design''' or [[field protocol]]. In the forest inventory context, the response design defines th

...itle:''' Development of an integrated forest carbon monitoring system with field sampling and remote sensing (Central Kalimantan) [[file:field work.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Field work]]

...rest fire area in East Kalimantan (Schindele 1989)<ref>Schindele, W. 1989. Field Manual for Reconnaissance Inventory on Burned Areas, Kalimantan Timur. FR-R ...er cluster can be derived by calculating the variance over the per-cluster-observations:

...f resources and that there must be sound ways of including such additional observations / information into a [[design-based estimation]]. ... situations. That means, that the final design that is implemented (in the field) is not completely predictable but depends also on what is being found out

...lusters]] of target objects. The condition for adaptive enlargement of the field clusters is “there is at least one target object found in the initial sam ...h>, <math>y_2 = 107</math>; where the plots of the initial sample have the observations 11 and 1, respectively. The other eight plots of the initial sample do not

...d or in any other population of interest and it is easily explained to the field crew or those who are supposed to take the samples. ... because of terrain or other subject-matter criteria that might affect the observations.

...4-fig91.png|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 1''' Building pairs of neighboring observations for the approximation of error variance in systematic sampling (Kleinn 2007 ...a of the early Nordic national forest inventories. He imagined neighboring observations to form a stratum so that the whole sample of <math>n</math> elements consi

Depending on the dimensionality of the observation units, different types of observations can be made on them. There are three major applications of line sampling <r ...observation per sample line can take on values between 0 and 1. From these observations, the [[mean]], [[variance]] and [[error variance]] can be estimated along t

...orest or not. This refers to both data sources: [[field observations]] and observations in [[remote sensing imagery]]. The definitions discussed here refer essentially to field measurements or to high resolution remote sensing imagery, where the criter

...tely true, above all, for the small area forest inventories, where a major field of application for these volume tariffs exists. Table 1 gives some of these ...nge of the independent variables that is covered by a sufficient number of observations?'' A model shall be used only within the range of values that was used for

...th dense understory, it is much easier to establish a strip plot where the field crew walks along the central line and measures all trees up to a defined di ... area plot of 200 m² or 0.02 ha, the expansion factor is 50. The per-plot observations need to be expanded (multiplied) by <math>EF=50</math> to produce the per-h

...riables, autocorrelation describes the statistical relationship between to observations of the same variable. In forest monitoring, it is mainly [[Plot_design#Spat :Reciprocal of the [[inclusion probability]]. The factor with which observations have to be multiplied to derive an estimate of the total for the area of in

...interviews) also in [[Forest inventory|forest inventories]] there are some field plots where no measurement can be taken. This can have different reasons, a ...old of these non-response cases, measures have to be taken for the missing observations, because, if we simply ignore them we are changing the underlying [[populat

... for distance measurement, then this ellipse can easily be laid out in the field where the two radii of the ellipse are automatically calculated. If <math>r ...ually pre-calculated and tabulated. Alternatively, it is programmed in the field computers.

*[[Statistical sampling]] (either in the field or from remote sensing imagery). ...ined whether it comes to lie in forest or not; that makes the two possible observations <math>y=1</math> and <math>y=0</math>, respectively. With these observed va

*A forest inventory is a costly project, in particular when extensive [[field sampling]] is part of the exercise. Therefore, sufficient resources must be ...nual. Only written definitions and inventory procedures guarantee that all field teams do exactly the same. Some more points about this extremely important

...es|species richness]] (biodiversity) using an integrated approach of both field sampling and remote sensing. Numerous studies have been done on South East ... yield valuable information that allows improving the field sample based observations.

...’s correlation coefficient]]; only that we do not simultaneously look at observations of two variables on the same object but we look simultaneously on two value ... correlation. However, very large distances are obviously difficult in the field in many cases because of the long (and essentially inefficient) walking tim